debate 2

Walter J. Ong, well known for his studies in oral and written communication, coined the term “secondary orality”, describing it as “essentially a more deliberate and self-conscious orality, based permanently on the use of writing and print” [1].

Ong calls the electronic age an age of secondary orality. These are the main aspects to be taken into account:

Electronic text is multisensory. Words are often displaced by images or videos, which enhance the ways a message can be transmited. This makes the interchange closer to oral communication, which couldn’t happen with printed books.
The solitary experience of either writing or reading the printed page encourages distance and impartiality. On the other hand, electronic text and oral text are both flexible: With hypermedia, “the reader participates in calling forth and defining the text of each particular reading”[2].
The value given to authorship diminishes. Internet projects such as the wikis require a large number of collaborators to work while getting no credit. These type of sites are spreading, and return us to the anonymity characteristic of primary orality.
Quoting Brenda Danet, specialist in communication on the Internet: “Although we are just beginning to research the issues involved, it already appears that a new ‘orality’ is emerging in digital writing, which may result in a culture which places far less value on originality, and more on an ambiance of ‘togetherness’ based on community of interest among fragmented subgroups dispersed in place and time.”

References:
[1]. ^ Walter J. Ong in Orality and Literacy: The Technologizing of the Word (1982).
[2]. ^ Bolter in Writing Space: The Computer, Hypertext and the History of Writing (1991).

Orality, Literacy, Digitality. (1996, August 15). In Constructivism at work, by Nick Lilly. Retrieved November 13, 2008.
Secondary orality. (2008, September 8). In Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved November 13, 2008.
Orality and Hypertext: An interview with Ted Nelson. (1996). In Cyberspace Report by Jim Whitehead. Retrieved November 12, 2008.
Oral/Literate/Hypertext. (1994). In Bob Fowler’s Home Page by Robert M. Fowler. Retrieved November 13, 2008.
The Prehistory of Cyberelectronic Language(s). (2003). In Hypermedia Joyce Studies by Donald F. Theall. Retrieved November 12, 2008.

Ainhize Leon, Aiora Juaristi, Ana Cristina Guerra, Ayanta García, Maialen Etxeberria, María Losada.

debate 1

Kevin Kelly (born 1952) is the founding executive editor of Wired magazine, and a former editor/publisher of the Whole Earth Catalog. He is considered by some an expert in digital culture.

In his talk at the EG 2007 Conference, Kelly estimates that today’s Web has about the complexity of a human brain and by the year 2040 it will exceed all of humanity in its processing power. His vision is that in the next 5,000 days one single, global machine will evolve with the Web as its operating system. Every bit of data will be on the Web, and the machine will be able to think by itself and know us.

Kevin Kelly points to a progression from the pre-web linking of computers to the web’s linking of pages. In the next stage, which some call the Semantic Web, the machine will link data directly to other data, wherever it may be. We will link from one idea (or word) on a page to another idea or word, rather than just link from one page to another. This restructuring of the Web will lead to every noun having a representation and being supported by the entire web.

References:

Video of the 2007 EG conference talk: Kevin Kelly on the next 5,000 days of the web. (2008, July). In TED: Ideas worth spreading. Retrieved October 19, 2008.
The Immersive Internet and Kevin Kelly’s “5,000 days of the Web”. (2008, July 31). In ThinkBalm: Immersive Internet insights & expertise, by Sam Driver and Erica Driver. Retrieved November 5, 2008.
Kevin Kelly looks to the next 5000 days of the Web. (2008, August 1). In ZDNet by Paul Miller. Retrieved November 5, 2008.
Kevin Kelly. (2008, October 9). In Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved November 5, 2008.

Ainhize Leon, Aiora Juaristi, Ana Cristina Guerra, Ayanta García, Maialen Etxeberria, María Losada.

INTERNET

Internet mundu osoan erabiltzen den sare bat da. TCP/IP protokoloak erabiltzen dituzten milioika ordenagailu daude elkarbanaturik. Interneten bidez hainbat zerbitzu erabil daitezke, web-a, FTP fitxategien transferentzia, posta elektronikoa, txat-a edo elkarrizketa eta bat bateko mezularitza. Normalean internet hitza www-rekin nahasten dugu, baina ez da gauza bera world wide web-a interneten zati bat bakarrik baita.

 

Hasiera batean internet gauza zehatzetarako erabiltzen zen, informazioa bilatu eta gutxi gehiago, eta erabiltzen zutenak ere gutxi batzuk ziren. Gaur egun ordea erabiltzaileen kopurua izugarri hazi da.

 

Honek alde onak eta txarrak ditu. Interneterako sarrera hainbeste jendek edukitzeak esan nahi du jende honek informazio iturri oso aberats baterako sarrera duela eta ondorioz ondo informatuta egoteko aukera eta behar duen informazio guztia aurkitzeko aukera duela. Gainera interneten bidez gauza asko egitea errazagoa da, bidaia baterako txartelak erosi, edo denda bateko produkturen bat erosi. Zure txartel zenbakia jartzearekin nahikoa da.

 

Honek bere alde txarrak ere baditu ordea. Badago interneten bidez iruzurrak egiten dakien jendea. Zure txartelaren zenbakia jartzean, zure kontu korrontera sarrera lortzen dute eta nahi dutena egin dezakete. Gainera, pilpilean dagoen beste arazo bat ere badago. Interneten bidez unibertsitateko titulu faltsuak eskura daitezke 250 euro ordainduta eta gero oso zaila da delitua egin duena harrapatzea. Beste jende batek birus informatikoak sortzen ditu, nonbait klikatzean ordenagailuan sartzen zaizkizunak eta gero garesti ordaindu behar zaio informatikoari birusa ken dezan.

 

Ondorioz, nik uste dut internet aurrerapauso handia dela baina arrisku handiak dituela gutxi kontrolatuta dagoelako edo batzuentzat oso erraza delako beraren bidez iruzurrak egitea.

 

AIORA JUARISTI

NEU // ME

ba informatikako irakasliak esan deuskunez ahalegintzeko holako entrada bat ipintxen wordpresseko hamen ba neure argazkixa ipintxia okurridu jat. Filologia inglesakua nazenez suposatzen da inglesez idatzi bihar dotela baña nik naixao dot euskeraz, orduan ba bixetara idatzikot!!

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so, the teacher said that we have to try to write something in here and that the english students have to write in english and the basque students in basque. I prefere to write in english so I’m going to write in both languages. 

I’ve put one photo of my self, because I like this photo!!!

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AIORA